Jean Piagets Contribution to Psychology Essay -- Jean Piaget Papers

Throughout history, many people have made amazing contributions to the school of psychology. One of these was Jean Piaget and his theories on the cognitive development stages. Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland. Here he studied at the university and received a doctorate in biology at the age of 22. Following his schooling he became increasingly interested in psychology and began much research and studying of the subject. From this research Piaget created a broad theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities. His work, in this way, was much like that of Sigmund Freud, but Piaget emphasized the ways that children think and acquire knowledge. Piaget referred to his theory as genetic epistemology. This is defined as the study of the acquisition, modification, and growth of abstract ideas and the abilities as on the basis of an inherited or biological substrate, an intelligent functioning that makes the growth of abstract thought possible.(Ginsburg 5) Piaget derived his theories from directly observing children and by questioning them about their thinking. He was less interested in whether the children answered correctly than how they arrived at their answers. Piaget viewed intelligence as an extension of biological adaptation that has a logical structure. One of the central points of his theories was that of epigenesis. This is that growth and development occur in a series of stages, each of which is built on the successful mastery of the previous stage.(Furth 33) Piaget described four major stages leading to the capacity for adult thought. Each stage is a prerequisite for the following stage, but the rate at which different children move through different stages varies with their hered... ...ght, but on a higher level than in the past. Not all adolescents enter the stage at the same time or to the same degree. Depending on individual capacity some may not reach the stage at all and may remain in concrete operational mode throughout life. Despite the psychiatric applications Piaget's theories have been applied more widely in the area of education. Piaget's concepts have been used to resolve educational problems, such as assessing intellectual development, scholastic aptitude, grade placement, and reading readiness. Innovative early school programs, such as Head Start can be traced to Piaget's believe that experience plays a major role in human thought. Throughout his writings Piaget emphasized that the greater richness, complexity, and the diversity of the environment, the greater the likelihood that high levels of mental functioning are achieved.

Jones Law of 1916 Essay

Whereas it was never the intention of the people of United States in the incipiency of the war withSpainto make it a war of conquest or for territorial aggrandizement; and Whereas it is, as it has always been, the purpose of the people of the United States to withdraw their sovereignty over Philippine Islands and to recognize their independence as soon as a stable government can be established therein; and Whereas for the speedy accomplishment of such purpose it is desirable to place in the hands of the people of the Philippines as large a control of their domestic affairs as can be given them without, in the meantime, impairing the exercise of the rights of sovereignty by the people of the United States, in order that, by the use and exercise of popular franchise and governmental powers, they may be the better prepared to fully assume the responsibilities and enjoy all the privileges of complete independence: Therefore Section 1.―The Philippines Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the provisions of this Act and the name â€Å"The Philippines† as used in this Act shall apply to and include the Philippine Islands ceded to the United States Government by the treaty of peace concluded between the United States and Spain on the eleventh dany of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, the boundaries of which are set forth in Article III of said treaty, together with those islands embraced in the treaty between Spain and the United States concluded at Washington o the seventh day of November, nineteen hundred. Section 2.―Philippine Citizenship and Naturalization That all inhabitants of the Philippine Islands who were Spanish subjects on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and then resided in said Islands, and their children born subsequent thereto, shall be deemed and held to be citizens of the Philippine Islands, except such as shall have elected to preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain in accordance with the provisions of the treaty of peace between the United States and Spain, signed at Paris December tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and except such others as have since become citizens of some other country:Provided, That the Philippine Legislature, herein provided for, is hereby authorized to provide by law for the acquisition of Philippine citizenship by those natives of the Philippine Islands who do not come within the foregoing provisions, the natives of the insular possessions of the United States, and such other persons residing in the Philippine Islands who are citizens of the United Stat es, or who could become citizens of the United States under the laws of the United States if residing therein. Section 3.―Bill of Right (a) Due process and eminent domain.―That no law shall be enacted in said Islands which shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or deny to any person therein the equal protection of the laws. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (b) Rights of persons accused of crime.―That in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf. That no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law; and no person for the same offense shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. That all persons shall before conviction be bailable by suffici ent sureties, except for capital offenses. (c) Obligation of contracts.―That no law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be enacted. (d) Imprisonment for debt.―That no person shall be imprisoned for debt. (e) Suspension of habeas corpus.―That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion, insurrection, or invasion the public safety may require it, in either of which event the same may be suspended by the President, or by the Governor-General, wherever during such period the necessity for such suspension shall exist. (f) Ex post facto laws, primogeniture, titles of nobility.―That no ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted nor shall the law of primogeniture ever be in force in the Philippines. That no law granting a title of nobility shall be enacted, and no person holding any office of profit or trust in said Islands shall, without the consent of the Congress of the United States, accept any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, queen, prince, or foreign state (g) Bail and punishment.―That excessive bail shall not required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor crue l and unusual punishment inflicted. (h) Unreasonable searches.―That the right to be secured against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated. (i) Slavery.―That slavery shall not exist in saidIslands; nor shall involuntary servitude exist therein except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. (j) Freedom of speech.―That no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the Government for redress grievances. (k) Freedom of religion.―That no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed; and no religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. No public money or property shall ever be appropriated, applied, or used, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or for the use, benefit, or support of any priest, preacher, minister, or other religious teacher or dignitary as such. (l) Poligamy.―Contracting of polygamous or plural marriages hereafter is prohibited. That no law shall be construed to permit polygamous or plural marriages. (m) How public funds to be spent.―That no money shall be paid out of the treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation by law. (n) Uniform tax.―That the rule of taxation in saidIslands shall be uniform. (o) Subject and title of bills.―That no bill which may be enacted into law shall embrace more than one subject, and that subject shall be expressed in the title of the bill. (p) Warrants of arrest.―That no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized (q) Special funds.―That all money collected on any tax levied or assessed for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund in the treasury and paid out for such purpose only. Section 8.―General Legislative Power That general legislative power, except as otherwise herein provided, is hereby granted to the Philippine legislature, authorized by this Act. Section 13.―Election and Qualification of Senators That the members of the Senate of the Philippines, except as herein provided, shall be elected for terms of six and three years, as hereinafter provided, by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of the senatorial districts defined as hereinafter provided shall have the right to elect two senators. No person shall be an elective member of the Senate of the Philippines who is not a qualified elector and over thirty years of age, and who is not able to read and write either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been a resident of the Philippines for at least two consecutive years and an actual resident of the senatorial district from which chosen for a period of at least one year immediately prior to his election. Section 14.-Election and Qualification of Representative That the members of the House of Representatives shall, except as herein provided, be elected triennially by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of the representative districts hereinafter provided for shall have the right to elect one representative. No person shall be an elective member of the House of Representatives who is not a qualified elector and over twenty-five years of age, and who is not able to read and write either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been an actual resident of the district from which elected for at least one year immediately prior to his election: Provided,That the members of the present Assembly elected on the first Tuesday in June, nineteen hundred and sixteen, shall be the members of the House of Representatives from their respective districts for the term esxpiring in nineteen hundred and nineteen. Section 15.-Qualification of Voters That at the first election held pursuant to this Act, the qualified electors shall be those having the qualifications of voters under the present law; thereafter and until otherwise provided by the Philippine Legislature herein provided for the qualifications of voters for senators and representatives in the Philippines and all officers elected by the people shall be as follows: Every male person who is not a citizen or subject of a foreign power twenty-one years of age or over (except insane and feeble-minded persons and those convicted in a court of competent jurisdiction of an infamous offense since the thirteenth day of August, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight) who shall have been a resident of the Philippines for one year and of the municipality in which he shall offer to vote for six months next preceding the day of voting, and who is comprised within one of the following classes: (a) Those who under existing law are legal voters and have exercised the right of suffrage. (b) T hose who own real property to the value of 500 pesos, or who annually pay 30 pesos or more of the established taxes. (c) Those who are able to read and write either Spanish, English, or a native language. Sedition Law of 1901 [No. 202.] AN ACT defining the crimes of treason, insurrection, sedition, conspiracies to commit such crimes, seditious utterances whether written or spoken, the formation of secret political societies, the administering or taking of oaths to commit crimes or to prevent the discovering of the same, and the violation of oaths of allegiance, and prescribing punishment therefor By authority of the President of the United States, be it enacted by the United States Philippine Commission, that: Section l. Every person, resident in the Philippine Islands, owing allej^ance to the United States or the Government of the Philippine* Islands, who levies war against them, or adheres to their enemies, jriving them aid and comfort within the Philippine Islands or else- where, is guilty of treason, and, upon conviction, shall suffer death or, at the discretion of the court-, shall l)e imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five years and fined not less than ten thousand dollars. Sec. 2. Every person, owing allegiance to the United States or the (Tovemment of the Philippine Islands, and having knowledge of any treason against them or either of them, who conceals, and does not, as soon as may be, disclost? and make known the same to the Provin- cial (Governor in the Province in which he resides, or to the Civil Governor of the Islands, or to some Judge of a Court of Hec »ord, is guilty of mLsprision of treason, and shall be imprisoned not more than seven years and be fined not more than one thousand dollars. Sec. 3. Everj’ pei*son who incites, sets on foot, assists or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the Ignited States or of the Government of the Philippine Islands, or the laws thereof, or who gives aid or comfort to any one so engaging in such rebellion or insurrection, shall, upon (*onviction, lie imprisoned for not more than ten years and Ik* fined not more than ten thousiiud dollars. Sec. 4. If two or more persons conspire to overthrow, i)ut down or destroy by force, the Government of the ITnited States in the Philippine Islands or the Government of the Philippine Islands, or by force to prevent, hinder or delay, the execution of any law of the UnilcKl States or of the Philippine Islands, or by force to seize, take, or possess, any property of the United States or of the Government of the Philippine Islands, contrary to the authority thereof, (*aeri(Kl not more than six years. Sec. 5. All persons who rise publicly and tumultuously in onler to attain by force or outside of legal methwls any of the following object*, are guilty of sedition: 1. To prevent the promulgation or erson who shall utter seditious words or speeches, write, publish, or circulate, scurrilous libels against the Government of the United States or the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands or which tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in exe- cuting his office, or which tend to instigate others to cabal or meet togetlier for unlawful purposes, or which suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots or wiiich tend to stir up the i>eople against the lawful authorities or to disturb the i)eace of the community, the safety and order of the Government, or who shall knowingly conceal such evil pra(*tic( »s, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both in the discretion of tlio Court. Sec. 9. All persons who shall meet together for the purpose of forming, or who shall form any secret society or who shall after the l)assago of this Act cont inue memlHjrship in a society already formed having for its object in whole or in part, the promotion of treason, r(‘l)(41ion or sc^dition, or the promulgation of any political opinion or policy, shall 1k » punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both. Sec. 10. lentil it has been officially proclaimed that a state of war or insurr( »ction against the authority or sovereignty of the United States no longer exists in the Philippine Islands, it shall be unlawful for any person to advocate orally or by writing or printing or like m( »tli(Kls, th(^ independence of the Philippine Islands or their separa- tion from the I’nited States whether by peaceable or forcible means, or to print, publish or circulate any handbill, newspaper, or other publication, advocating such indei>endence or separation. Any person violating th

Northwest State College

1 SUPPLEMENTAL CASE: Chapter 7 Case: Northwest State College Northwest State College (a disguised name) is a four-year regional state college and has an enrollment of about 3,500 students. Its business department has a faculty of seven full-time instructors, and other part-time instructors are used as needed. Currently about 900 students are majoring in business. The college is located in a medium-sized northern community of about 70,000. Most of the faculty recruiting is done by one person, the department head, who makes the initial contact with prospective faculty members at various professional meetings held during the school year. If the department head cannot attend a meeting recruiting is done by an instructor from the business department. Projections are that enrollment at Northwest State will increase about 25% in the next five years. Most of the increase is expected in the business area. The ideal faculty size would be about 16 full-time instructors. Most of the full-time instructors currently in the Department of Business Administration hold MAs or MBAs from various northern colleges. The salary scales and fringe benefits are considered to be slightly lower than the compensation available at similar colleges in the region. In addition to any increase in faculty members needed due to enrollment, three replacements are needed for this fall in the business area to replace individuals who have gone elsewhere. Northwest State has a recruiting policy that requires final approval of candidates by the department head, the vice president for academic affairs, and the president of the college. In addition, the school has a policy requiring that at least two candidates be invited to the campus before any candidate can be hired so that adequate screening can take place. Often the result is a waiting period of two months between initial contact, application, and campus interview for most applicants. Some other small colleges in the area pay full travel expenses for potential candidates, while the majority of the others pay at least half. Northwest State does not pay any travel expenses if the candidate is not hired. Only if the candidate is offered a position and accepts is full reimbursement for travel expenses given. Usually the payment comes about two months after the campus interview. In the past Northwest State has not been very successful in filling empty positions. The president is concerned and wants to evaluate the recruiting program so that a better one can be designed. Questions 1. List the reasons why you would not consider a position at Northwest State if you were a potential applicant. 2. Evaluate the approval procedure for applicants. 3. What would be the components in a recruiting system you design? 1. Beginning, I would not be interested in a position at Northwest State college for these reasons: Firstly, due to the salary scales being slightly lower than the compensation available at similar colleges in the region. There are currently instructor's at this college that hold MBA's and MA who are not being compensated accordingly at college which wants to see growth of 25% in the next five years. Secondly, considering how rigorous the selection process appears to be for potential applicants an incentive to off set the process would be to at the least cover ones travel expenses in advance. These proponents do not make a great first impression toward me and show the school potential lack of interest in recruiting the best instructor available. Lastly, I would have addition concerns regarding the current vacancies that need to be filled. There just some question that need to be answered. If the enrollment is planning to ramp up then why is it that faculty do not want to have part in a growing institution. 2. In evaluating the approval procedure for applicants the components the college has in place appear to be thorough and in-depth. However, some of the policies in place are some much in depth that it could deter an applicant's interest in the position. If the president had the confidence in it department head then some steps in the approval procedure could be eliminated. The current screening process requires too much time in between the initial contact, application completion and the campus visits of applicants. 3. Through evaluating Northwest State's recruiting process it allowed for me to consider in designing a recruiting system with effective components: First, I would consider training new hires due to its financial advantage amend their prior external experience (204). Secondly, being a strategic recruiter by discovering talent before it is needed, capitalizing on windfall opportunities when there is an abundance of highly qualified people (195). If this component can be executed then the talent potential increases for fulling a position when time. Another component I would implement in my recruiting system is develop strong Internet recruiting abilities.

A Guide to Plankton

A Guide to Plankton Plankton is a general term for the floaters, the organisms in the ocean that drift with the currents. This includes zooplankton (animal plankton), phytoplankton (plankton that is capable of photosynthesis), and bacterioplankton (bacteria). Origin of the Word Plankton The word plankton comes from the Greek word planktos, which means wanderer or drifter. Plankton is the plural form. The singular form is plankter. Can Plankton Move? Plankton are at the mercy of the wind and the waves, but not all are completely immobile. Some types of plankton can swim, but only weakly or vertically in the water column. And not all plankton are tiny - jellyfish (sea jellies) are considered plankton. Types of Plankton Some marine life goes through a planktonic stage (called meroplankton) before they become frees of animals that have a meroplankton stage are corals, sea stars (starfish), mussels and lobster. Holoplankton are organisms that are plankton their entire lives. Examples include diatoms, dinoflagellates, salps, and krill. Plankton Size Groups Although most people think of plankton as microscopic animals, there are larger plankton. With their limited swimming capability, jellyfish are often referred to as the largest type of plankton. In addition to being categorized by life stages, plankton can be categorized into different groups based on size. These groups include: Femtoplankton - Organisms under 0.2 micrometers in size, e.g., virusesPicoplankton - Organisms 0.2 micrometer to 2 micrometers, e.g., bacteriaNanoplankton - Organisms 2-20 micrometers, e.g. phytoplankton and small zooplanktonMicroplankton - Organisms 20-200 micrometers, e.g., phytoplankton and small zooplanktonMesoplankton - Organisms 200 micrometers to 2 centimeters, e.g., phytoplankton and zooplankton such as copepods. At this size, the plankton are visible to the naked eye.Macroplankton - Organisms 2 centimeters to 20 centimeters, e.g., like ctenophores, salps, and amphipods.Megaplankton - Organisms over 20 centimeters, like jellyfish, ctenophores, and amphipods. The categories for the smallest plankton sizes were needed more recently than some others. It wasnt until the late 1970s that scientists had the equipment available to help them see the great number of planktonic bacteria and viruses in the ocean. Plankton and the Food Chain A plankton species place in the food chain depends on what type of plankton it is. Phytoplankton are autotrophs, so they make their own food and are producers. They are eaten by zooplankton, which are consumers.   Where Do Plankton Live? Plankton live in both freshwater and marine environments. Those that live in the ocean are found in both coastal and pelagic zones, and in a range of water temperatures, from tropical to polar waters. Plankton, As Used in a Sentence The copepod is a type of zooplankton and is a primary food for right whales. References and Further Information: Australian Museum. What Is Plankton?  Accessed October 31, 2015.Bigelow Laboratory. Cycling Through the Food Web.  Accessed October 31, 2015.Microbial Grazers Lab. Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. Accessed October 31, 2015.

Saying Good Evening in Japanese

Saying Good Evening in Japanese Whether youre visiting Japan or youre simply trying to learn a new language, knowing how to say and write simple greetings is a  great way to start communicating with people in their language. The way to say good evening in Japanese is Konbanwa. Konbanwa shouldnt be confused with  konnichi wa, which is a greeting often during daytime hours.   Greetings for Day and Night Japanese citizens will use the morning greeting ohayou gozaimasu,  most often before about 10:30 a.m. Konnichiwa is used most often after 10:30 a.m., while konbanwa is the appropriate evening greeting. Pronunciation of Konbanwa Listen to the audio file for Konbanwa. Japanese Characters for Konbanwa 㠁“ん㠁 °Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£â‚¬â€š Writing Rules There is a rule for writing hiragana wa and ha. When wa is used as a particle, it is written in hiragana as ha. Konbanwa is now a fixed greeting. However, in the old days it was a part of sentence such as Tonight is ~ (Konban wa ~) and wa functioned as a particle. Thats why it is still written in hiragana as ha.

Crime Prevention Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime Prevention Program - Essay Example All the groups used to have a meeting twice in seven days in which active participation of parents was encouraged. The meetings were held at the homes of different participants; every time a new participant’s home was chosen for the meeting purpose. The first meeting of the week had the objective of the activities to be carried out until the next meeting. Every group had four to seven members who remained together for ten to twelve weeks. The experimental group had ten sub-groups and the control group was made according to the sex, age, criminal history before the initial selection, race, parents’ nationality, parents’ work background and the intellectual level of the individuals. The program went on for six months after which the experimental group was evaluated in order to compare the results with the initial evaluation. The evaluation was based on the variables including school performance, work involvement and criminal activities. However, in the final evalua tion of experimental group results did not show up significant difference in the criminal activity whereas the participants of control group had decreased their rates of crimes. ConclusionFor a successful crime prevention program it is necessary to generate significant difference in the delinquency of participants especially the experimental group, however, in the case of S.O.F.T.L.Y. the difference between the initial and final evaluations was not sufficient enough as the participants of the experimental group.

CGI Group, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CGI Group, Inc - Essay Example As the essa declares GIB is headed by its founder Serge Godin, who has been serving as both the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since 1976. As per GIB’s latest annual report, Mr Godin’s annual salary and bonuses amounted to $810,000. This paper stresses that given that Yahoo! Finance or Reuters does not have a GIB beta estimate, estimate of MSN Money is used. GIB’s beta is currently set at 1.64. This shows the measure of the sensitivity of a stock, bond, or fund to swings of an index or the overall market. In this case, GIB’s stocks are compared with the S&P 500 index and its bonds and bond funds are compared with the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bond index. Given the GIB’s estimated beta is higher than 1.0 indicates its relatively higher volatility compared to the overall market. As such, it is forecasted that if the S&P 500 moves 10% higher, the GIB stock with a beta of 1.64 should move by 16.4%. As compared to other notable players in the same sector, GIB is less volatile than E-Bay or Amazon.com, which has betas of 2.06 and 2.65, respectively. GIB’s beta of 1.64 is already its leverage beta. This is because the beta derived by MSN Money takes into consideration both the stocks or equi ty of the company as well as the bond and bond funds which are the company’s borrowings. GIB’s debt component is comprised of unsecured revolving term facility bearing an interest equal to the US LIBOR rate plus banker’s acceptance rate of 1.25% plus 1.25%, and senior US unsecured notes bearing an average interest rate of 4.97% and maturing on 2014.